Repair of Nasal Septal Perforation by Using Middle Turbinate Flap
The incidence of nasal septal perforation is estimated at 1%. 1 In fact, the otolaryngologist has to identify the cause, which in most cases is either iatrogenic or idiopathic, to…
Inferior Turbinate Flap
Indications Medium (1–2 cm) and/or large (> 2 cm) size NSPs NSP without osteocartilaginous support Rescue flap for NSP 11.2 Contraindications In any patient who has undergone sphenopalatine artery or anterior…
Backward Extraction-Reposition Technique of Quadrangular Cartilage
Indication Symptomatic small- to medium-sized perforation 20.2 Surgical Anatomy and Operative Implications Nasal septal perforations (NSPs) are anatomical defects of nasal septum caused by the necrosis of the cartilage and/or bone…
Free Grafts
Indications Symptomatizing nasoseptal perforation not responding to conservative treatment. The size of perforation should be small to moderate. The inferior turbinate should be hypertrophic or normal but not atrophic or…
Bilateral Septal Mucosal Flaps in Septal Perforations
There are many options to treat nasoseptal perforations, from prosthetics 1 to a number of different types of flaps with or without interposition of tissue. The literature shows the results…
Preoperative Clinical Evaluation of Patient
Preoperative Clinical Evaluation of Patient Fabio Ferreli, Paolo Castelnuovo Summary A preoperative overview for nasal septal perforations requires both an anatomical local evaluation and specific diagnostic test. The assessment begins…
Bilateral Cross-Over Flap Technique
Indications This surgical technique is conceived to repair medium-sized septal perforations, not larger than 2 cm in diameter. This technique can be only accomplished if remaining cartilage covered with mucosa…
Lateral Nasal Wall Flap
Indications Medium (1–2 cm) and/or large (> 2 cm) size nasal septal perforations Nasal septal perforation without osteocartilaginous support Rescue flap for nasal septal reperforation 12.2 Contraindications History of cauterization or…
Unilateral Mucosal Advancement Flap
Indications Almost all of size and shape of septal perforations. Patients do not have general inflammatory or vascular diseases. The margin of septal perforation is not under the state of…
Conservative Treatment
7.5 Symptom-Based Treatment 7 Conservative Treatment Arturo Cordero Castillo, Mauricio López-Chacón, Cristobal Langdon, Isam Alobid Summary The most common causes of nasal septal perforation (NSP) are traumatic, postsurgical procedure, inflammatory diseases,…
