51.1 Features Fungal endophthalmitis refers to intraocular inflammation involving the vitreous and anterior chamber of the eye due to endogenous or exogenous fungal infection. Clinical presentation of fungal endophthalmitis can vary…
Features There are various types of intraocular lymphoma, including primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), primary uveal lymphoma, and secondary uveal lymphoma. This chapter focuses on PVRL, which is the most common…
Features Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of premature infants. The retina begins to develop at age 16 weeks in utero and typically completes development from the optic…
Features Tamoxifen is a commonly used antiestrogen oral medication that has been used in the management of breast cancer since the 1970s. This medication is particularly effective as an adjuvant…
47.1 Clinical Features Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a retinal condition in which there is thickening of the macula with cystic fluid spaces within the macula. In many cases, abnormal vascular…
Features Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathies are a group of retinal vascular diseases secondary to trauma or other disease processes with characteristic retinal findings, including polygonal inner retinal whitening, cotton wool…
Features A choroidal rupture is defined as a break in the choriocapillaris, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium. Choroidal ruptures occur after 5 to 10% of blunt force trauma. They…
Features Choroidal melanoma is a primary cancer of the eye arising from the pigmented cells of the choroid. Choroidal melanomas are chemoresistant tumors and are life-threatening due to their metastatic…
Features A macular hole is a full-thickness loss of the neurosensory retina, traditionally at the fovea, leading to decreased visual acuity and central visual distortion. Idiopathic macular holes caused by…
Features Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC), also referred to as birdshot chorioretinopathy, is a chronic uveitic condition affecting the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid. The etiology of BRC is unclear,…
