Ocular Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease
Interpretation HBsAg Anti HBs HBeAg Anti HBe Anti HBc HBV DNA Stage of HBV infection Acute HBV + − + − IgM + Chronic HBV • Immunotolerant + − +…
Ocular Manifestations of Cardiac Disease
Fig. 4.1 Dilated and tortuous retinal veins and arteries characteristic of cyanosis retinae [2] Carpenter, in 1894, described the “everyday experience” of extracardiac malformations in patients with CHD, including ocular…
Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases
Subtype Median age at diagnosis [171, 187] Proportion of PPB cases [171, 187] Histopathology [171] Distant metastasis [187, 188] Recurrence [171, 187] Overall survival [171, 176, 187] Type I 8–10…
Ocular Manifestations of Psychiatric Diseases
Visual acuity Decreased, blurred, and/or fluctuating visual activity, monocular or binocular Total or partial blindness/amaurosis, usually monocular Amblyopia, photophobic amblyopia, one or both eyes Looking past objects, jumbling of print,…
Ocular Manifestations of Allergic and Immunologic Diseases
Class Medications Mast cell stabilizers Cromolyn sodium 4 % (Crolom, Opticrom) Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1 % (Alomide) Nedocromil sodium 2 % (Alocril) H1 receptor antagonists Emedastine difumarate 0.05 % (Emadine) Levocabastine…
Geometrical Analysis of Corneal Topography
Fig. 10.1 Cornea in a natural scenario Pathological scenario , that is, presence of anomalous alterations (see Fig. 10.2), in which the tissues that form part of the corneal architecture…
Excimer Laser Ablation in Keratoconus Treatment: Sequential High Definition Wavefront-Guided PRK After CXL
, trefoil RMS , and the Zernike term corresponding to the primary spherical aberration (Z 40). Postoperatively , patients should be examined the third day after surgery and at 1…
Surgical Correction of Keratoconus: Different Modalities of Keratoplasty and Their Clinical Outcomes
Fig. 23.1 Clinical picture of a keratoconic eye after penetrating keratoplasty with a double continuous 10/0 Nylon suture Interrupted sutures, CCIS, and a single continuous suture (SCS) have shown comparable…
Analyzing Tomographic Corneal Elevation for Detecting Ectasia
Fig. 7.1 Subclinical Keratoconus. Four map composite display (anterior sagittal curvature (upper left), anterior elevation (upper right), corneal thickness (lower left), posterior elevation (lower right)). While the anterior surface is…
Intracorneal Ring Segments: Types, Indications and Outcomes
Fig. 17.1 Intracorneal ring segment Keraring (Mediphacos ) Fig. 17.2 Intracorneal ring segment Intacs (addition technologies ) Table 17.1 Main characteristics of the intracorneal ring segments most commonly used in…
