10 Anti-VEGF Therapies in ARMD in Practice
Anti-Vegf Therapy The FDA approval of anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of exudative ARMD has heralded a new era for the management of this devastating disease, offering patients and their…
2 Pathophysiology of Retinal Neovascularization
Neovascularization Robert N. Frank INTRODUCTION The human retinal vasculature is essentially complete at birth in the full-term infant. These vessels elongate with growth of the eye through childhood and adolescence,…
22 PDT—Still an Option?
Results: At the month 24 examination for the primary outcome, 53% of verteporfin-treated patients compared with 38% placebo-treated patients lost fewer than 15 letters. In subgroup analyses for predominantly classic…
4 VEGF: The Major Player
FIGURE 4.1. Summary diagram of VEGF expression in the developing retina. (Reprinted from Stone et al. J Neurosci. 1995;15:4738–4747, with permission.) In addition to the well-studied transcriptional induction of VEGF…
23 Combination Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
FIGURE 23.1. A: Intense angiogenesis leads to a plexus of vessels with shunts and saccular dilations. B: Antiangiogenic therapy can lead to a pruning of vessels, particularly those that are…
15 Anti-VEGF Therapies in Diabetic Macular Edema
Macular Edema P.S. Silva • Z.A. Haddad • J.K. Sun • J.D. Cavallerano • L.P. Aiello Introduction For the past 20 years, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has remained the most common…
9 Diabetic Macular Edema: Molecular Mechanisms
FIGURE 9.1. Schematic diagram showing how diabetes in conjunction with hypertension and hyperlipidemia causes alteration of the BRB, leading to DME. Both increased levels of growth factors and proteinases, as…
26 Gene-based Therapy in Ocular Angiogenesis
Pathologic neovascularization occurs in various ocular tissues, including the cornea, iris, retina, and choroid Tissue Disease/Trauma Cornea Contact lens injury Trauma/alkali injury Infectious keratitis (trachoma) Iris Enucleation (i.e., retinoblastoma) Central…
30 The Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy
FIGURE 30.1. The role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B on blood vessel growth and mural cell coverage in a corneal neovascularization model. A: Endothelial cells were labeled by staining with…
21 Role of Laser in the Era of Pharmacotherapy
Results: Photocoagulation prevented severe vision loss by 50% in PDR patients (at 4 years, 20% risk in treated eyes versus 44% risk in untreated eyes with HRC). The beneficial effect…
