Ento Key

Until 1991, it was thought that macular holes were untreatable and their pathogenesis was unknown. In that year, Kelly and Wendel developed the concept of using vitrectomy and fluid-gas exchange…

Membranes on the macular surface can result from several pathogenic mechanisms with the common theme of tissue damage and subsequent repair (1–5). Epimacular membranes (EMMs) are hypocellular, largely collagen structures….

Whereas 25-gauge vitrectomy is usually performed transconjunctivally with trocar-cannula systems, 20-gauge vitrectomy usually requires conjunctival incision, exposure of the anterior sclera, and sclera closure and conjunctival reapproximation with sutures. Despite…

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a devastating complication of intraocular surgery. This complication is very difficult to anticipate, prevent, and manage (1–5) (Fig. 30.1). Intraoperative management is complex, as is the decision…

Figure 12.1 Gas injection is performed at the highest point of the eye with the patient lying on his or her side. Figure 12.2 Inserting the 30-gauge needle just barely…

Figure 13.1 Silicone sponges bulge between mattress sutures at the end of buckle, which causes conjunctival erosion (dellen formation), which leads to exposure of buckle and extrusion. In addition, buckle…

COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATEDWITH KERATOPROSTHESIS The management of severe anterior segment disease and intractable corneal opacities has evolved rapidly in the recent years. Whereas in the late 1990s there was a push…

Many surgeons now combine phacoemulsification with vitrectomy for a variety of reasons. This approach adds significant complexity but is indicated in certain situations. There is a widespread but incorrect notion…