Transoral Robotic Surgery for Submandibular Sialolithiasis Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was invented at the University of Pennsylvania and subsequently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in 2009. Transoral surgery of…
Introduction Most patients presenting with obstructive symptoms of the submandibular gland (SMG) are afflicted with salivary stones rather than stenosis, and salivary gland stones are a more frequent cause of…
Introduction The applications of sialendoscopy continue to increase. Whether in isolation or as an accessory to more invasive techniques, sialendoscopy has expanded gland-sparing options for the management of non-neoplastic salivary…
Introduction Papilla crossing is one of the key points for sialendoscopy, especially in submandibular sialendoscopy. After the papilla has been crossed, the sialendoscopy can begin. Instead of papilla crossing, other…
Introduction The major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, are paired and symmetric. In the oral cavity 700–900 minor salivary glands are found, the majority of which are located…
Stensen’s Parotid Salivary Duct Description The secretions of the parotid gland are transported to the oral cavity via the Stensen’s duct. Embedded in the division of the parotid-masseteric-buccinator fascia, it…
8.1 Pediatric Salivary Gland Neoplasms Salivary neoplasms are uncommon in children. They may arise in the acini and ducts (epithelial tumors) or in mesenchymal tissue, e.g., the intraparotid lymphoid (lymphoma)…
Introduction Chronic sialadenitis is the most common benign disease of the major salivary glands and is usually the result of obstruction of salivary flow due to calculi, strictures, or both….
3.1 Conventional Plain Films Conventional X-ray imaging of the salivary gland has diminished relevance. The soft tissue X-ray does not depict a salivary stone well, and the summation effects of…
Introduction There was a paradigm shift in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sialoliths, also known as salivary calculi, at the turn of the century. This was the result of…
