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Catherine S. Choi and Sylvia H. Yoo Summary A variety of strabismus surgery techniques have been described to address complex types of strabismus. This chapter describes a number of these…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Botulinum toxin can be used as an alternate muscle weakening procedure in place of incisional surgery or as an adjunct to incisional surgery. botulinum toxin –…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Rectus muscle recessions and resections are the most common strabismus surgeries performed in the pediatric age range, specifically horizontal rectus muscle surgery for esotropia and exotropia….

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Surgery on the inferior oblique muscle involves varying degrees of weakening and, in some cases, transposition of the muscle to alter its vector force and path…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Reoperations in strabismus surgery can pose a challenge for the surgeon, as the surgery is typically less predictable and scar tissue may be present. Prior operative…

Catherine S. Choi and Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Surgery on the superior oblique tendon includes both weakening and tightening procedures to address superior oblique abnormalities resulting in incomitant cyclovertical deviations,…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The adjustable suture technique is a debated topic amongst pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus specialists with groups that are strong proponents for and against the use of…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Fornix and limbal conjunctival incisions have superseded the Swan incision for accessing the extraocular muscles during strabismus surgery. Fornix incisions will be the primary technique for…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Understanding the anatomy of the rectus and oblique muscles and their relationships to adjacent structures are essential to approaching strabismus surgery for successful outcomes, particularly in…

Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The presence of strabismus precludes normal visual development in infancy and early childhood, resulting in poor fusion and, in many cases, amblyopia. Quality of life can…