Voice Surgery
There have been many advances in microsurgery for voice professionals over the last three decades. Driven by a greater understanding of the anatomy and physiology of phonation, most of the…
Voice Therapy for the Professional Voice
Behavioral evaluation and treatment of dysphonia in the professional voice user are the responsibility of the speech-language pathologist. As a clinician, treating the professional voice user requires expert listening and…
Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis
Diagnosis and treatment of the immobile or hypomobile vocal fold are challenging for the otolaryngologist. True paralysis and paresis result from vocal fold denervation secondary to injury to the laryngeal…
Vocal Fold Masses
Vocal fold masses are often complex in nature and can have a devastating result on the professional voice. These lesions are usually multifactorial with synergistic contributions over time from voice…
Effects of Medications on the Voice
Professional singers often present a difficult diagnostic dilemma concerning their medication use. Most drugs are never formally evaluated for effects on the voice and finding details of rare side effects…
Common Diagnoses and Treatments in Professional Voice Users
Common problems among all patients seen by the laryngologist are also common among professional voice users. These include laryngopharyngeal reflux, muscle tension dysphonia, fibrovascular vocal fold lesions (eg, nodules and…
Vocal Emergencies
Acute management of vocal emergencies can be a difficult and stressful element in otolaryngology. A thoughtful history coupled with appropriate diagnostic instrumentation is the cornerstone of evaluating a patient with…
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Voice
The anatomy and physiology of voice include not only the larynx but also all body systems. The larynx consists of a skeleton, mucosa, intrinsic muscles, and extrinsic muscles. The vocal…
Laryngeal Electromyography
Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) evaluates the integrity of the neuromuscular system in the larynx by recording action potentials generated in the laryngeal muscles during voluntary and involuntary contraction. LEMG is particularly…
Physical Examination of Voice Professionals
Comprehensive physical examination is essential when evaluating patients. Often it includes objective voice assessment and measures along with strobovideolaryngoscopy. In all cases physical examination involves a thorough examination of the…
