Definition Refractive errors may be corrected by means of spectacles, contact lenses, orthokeratology, intraocular lens implants, and keratorefractive surgery. Key Features • Spectacle lens advantages: inexpensive; suitable to correct myopia,…
Definition The neutralization of an individual’s refractive error using a variety of tests in which the patient’s responses determine the lens power that best produces a sharply focused image on…
Definition An aberration is any deviation of the path of a ray of light from geometrically ideal behavior. Key Features • Aberration theory is strictly confined to geometrical optics and…
Definition The classic optics of the eye are best understood in terms of the optical characteristics of its components—the cornea, pupil, crystalline lens, and retina—and how they function in combination….
Definitions • Wavefront aberrometry is the measurement of the wavefront that emerges from an eye as a result of light reflecting from a focused light spot on the fovea. Application…
Definition The molecular mechanisms underlying selected inherited eye disorders as defined by the responsible genetic mutations. Key Features • Inherited disorders affecting the ocular anterior segment. • Genetic defects causing…
Definition A genetic test is any clinical or laboratory investigation that provides information about the likelihood that an individual is affected with a heritable disease. The majority of genetic tests…
Definition The central principles of human genetics with relevance to eye disease. Key Features • Gene structure and expression. • Organization and inheritance of the human genome. • Mutations and…
