Definition Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique based on the principle of optical reflectometry light, which enables precise anatomical examination of ocular structures. Key Features • High-resolution…
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Definition Occlusion of the central retinal vein at the lamina cribrosa. Key Features • Retinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants. • Dilated, tortuous veins in all…
Definition Report on the evolution of intraocular lens designs. Key features • Description of anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens designs, including lenses now obsolete, and their interaction with intraocular…
Definition Spectrum of malignant and benign neoplasms, choristomas, and hamartomas arising from or occurring within the conjunctiva, and nonneoplastic epibulbar tumors frequently misdiagnosed clinically as a conjunctival malignant neoplasm. Key…
Definition Procedures and medications given to allow successful completion of lens removal with minimal risk, pain, and anxiety. Key Features • Consideration of patient characteristics. • Local anesthesia: considerations, sedatives…
Definition Presbyopia is an age-related condition that enables the patient to perform near visual tasks due to the decay of accommodation. Key Features • Presbyopia starts affecting people around 40…
Definition Phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) are artificial lenses implanted in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye to correct refractive errors. They preserve the natural crystalline lens to maintain…
Definitions • Choroideremia is a progressive, bilateral, diffuse chorioretinal dystrophy with an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. • Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a progressive, bilateral, diffuse…
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy Definition Retinal vascular changes occurring from chronic systemic arterial hypertension. Key Features • Arteriolar narrowing. • Arteriovenous nicking. • Microaneurysms. • Silver/copper wiring. Associated Retinal Findings •…
Central Retinal Artery Obstruction Definition An abrupt diminution of blood flow through the central retinal artery severe enough to cause ischemia of the inner retina. Key Features • Abrupt, painless,…
