Cancer of the Cervical Esophagus
Introduction Cancer of the cervical esophagus has long been known as one of the most difficult neoplasms to treat and cure surgically. It is relatively uncommon, representing less than 5%…
Dysfunction of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Introduction The cricopharyngeus muscle is the major component of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). The cricopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is composed of contributions from the…
Advanced Palatal Surgery: Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty & Transpalatal Advancement Pharyngoplasty
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state-dependent phenomenon in which the pharyngolarynx undergoes repetitive collapse. Retropalatal obstruction is often the primary site of sleep-disordered breathing. Traditional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as…
Office-Based Snoring Procedures
Introduction “Primary snoring” can be described as a symptomatic, sleep-related, respiration-dependent acoustic phenomenon with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 5 and without complaints of daytime sleepiness. Snoring is…
Drug-Induced Sedated Endoscopy
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state-dependent phenomenon in which the pharyngolarynx undergoes repetitive obstruction. For the otolaryngologist, the ability to phenotype the specific site(s), anatomic structures, and patterns…
Reconstruction of Hypopharyngeal Defects
Acknowledgments I acknowledge Hyunjoo Park for the illustrations in this chapter. Introduction The hypopharynx is a complex anatomic region that begins at the level of the hyoid and terminates at…
Volumetric Tongue-Base Reduction (Lingual Tonsillectomy, Coblation Midline Glossectomy, Trans Oral Robotic Surgery)
Introduction First-line surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in both pediatric and adult patients is adenotonsillectomy and has often been uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in adults. When initial medical or surgical treatment…
Partial Pharyngectomy
Introduction The hypopharynx is the inferior-most portion of the pharynx, bounded by the oropharynx superiorly and the esophagus inferiorly. The hypopharynx is intimately related to the larynx, both anatomically and…
Penetrating Trauma to the Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus
Introduction Penetrating trauma to the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus is a potentially life-threatening injury, which may be the result of iatrogenic injury, accidental impalement, or assault. Multiple routine procedures and…
Esophagoscopy and Hypopharyngoscopy
Introduction Disorders of the esophagus present a challenge to the otolaryngologist owing to the broad variety of pathology and oftentimes nonspecific nature of patient complaints. Using a mirror, Bozzini in…
