Ento Key

Laboratory Techniques and Special Stains SPECIMEN HANDLING IN THE OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY LABORATORY This chapter discusses the basic principles of practical ocular histopathology and summarizes techniques used in the handling, gross…

Optic Nerve Developmental anomalies of the optic nerve include optic nerve aplasia and hypoplasia, optic pits, optic nerve colobomas, and the morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA). Bilateral hypoplasia is often…

Orbit INTRODUCTION Orbital disease is relatively uncommon, but quite diverse in nature. Inflammatory diseases, such as infectious cellulitis, and the immunological disorders thyroid ophthalmopathy and idiopathic orbital inflammation or “pseudotumor”…

Eyelid INTRODUCTION The eyelids are flaps of modified skin with highly modified epidermal appendages that cover and protect the eye (Fig. 13-1). The eyelids form a moist chamber lined by…

Retinoblastoma and Simulating Lesions Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood in Europe and the United States. On a worldwide basis, it is the most common primary intraocular…

Intraocular Tumors in Adults MELANOCYTIC TUMORS OF THE UVEAL TRACT Introduction In adults, most intraocular tumors arise from, or involve the uveal tract, the eye’s middle coat composed of the…

Vitreous The transparent gelatinous vitreous humor fills most of the interior of the eye. The most delicate connective tissue in the body, the vitreous humor is composed of a framework…

Retina An outpost of the central nervous system, the retina is a colony of brain cells that is located in the periphery of the body where it is able to…

Glaucoma Visual loss in glaucoma is caused by the death of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons that constitute the nerve fiber layer of the retina and the optic…

The Lens The embryology and histology of the lens are discussed in Chapter 1. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE LENS The posterior surface of the lens in an infant’s eye often…