10.1055/b-0034-92462 Central Causes of Facial ParalysisJ. Gail Neely Central facial paralysis classically presents unilaterally, contralateral to the central lesion, as (1) paresis of the lower face, with sparing of the…
10.1055/b-0034-92459 Facial Weakness as a Complication of Otologic DiseasesThomas E. Linder The facial nerve is quite resistant to infectious lesions within the temporal bone. In an Australian database of 1,074…
10.1055/b-0034-92455 Bell Palsy and Ramsay Hunt SyndromeShingo Murakami Bell palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome are two major causes of acute peripheral facial palsy, accounting for approximately two-thirds of all cases….
10.1055/b-0034-92458 Traumatic Facial Nerve ManagementJ. Walter Kutz Jr., Brandon Isaacson, and Peter S. Roland Trauma is second to idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy) as the most common cause of facial…
10.1055/b-0034-92457 Surgical Treatment of Bell PalsySarah E. Mowry and Bruce J. Gantz Symmetric movement of the facial features is an integral part of how humans communicate. Loss of facial symmetry…
10.1055/b-0034-92461 Extratemporal Causes of Facial ParalysisJohn P. Leonetti and Sam J. Marzo Acute facial paralysis is due to Bell palsy in ∼85% of patients who present with complete, unilateral facial…
10.1055/b-0034-92463 Hemifacial SpasmJacques Magnan and Claire-Lise Curto Faïs Hemifacial spasm is characterized by the occurrence of unilateral, involuntary, sudden, and isolated spasms of one side of the face. It is…
10.1055/b-0034-92460 Facial Nerve TumorsMichael Hoa, Eric P. Wilkinson, and Derald E. Brackmann Tumors of the facial nerve are rare causes of facial paralysis. Nonetheless, the possibility of neoplastic involvement of…
10.1055/b-0034-92454 Congenital Facial WeaknessRandolph Sherman and Ronald M. Zuker Each of us enters this world in a profoundly dramatic way. Either by unrelenting naturally propulsive physical forces through vaginal birth…
10.1055/b-0034-92453 Differential Diagnosis of Acute Facial ParalysisMaurizio Barbara Facial paralysis (FP) consists of weakness of the face musculature. The timing of this weakness usually is immediate, taking place within a…
