Ento Key

Introduction Although ingrowing lashes are usually only a minor irritant they may cause permanent scarring of the cornea and threaten sight, especially if the cornea is insensitive or the eye…

Introduction Corneal exposure is the most serious sequel to eyelid retraction. It may also occur with the eyelids in a normal position if there is poor closure, especially in the…

Introduction In this chapter a basic set of instruments for ophthalmic plastic surgery is suggested. Extra instruments for particular procedures may be added. 5.1 The basic instruments Fig. 5.1 A…

Introduction A predictable sequence of changes occurs in the face as we age. Early changes are barely discernible and few seek a surgeon’s help. Later, more obvious changes lead to…

Introduction In this chapter many of the techniques of examination used in ophthalmic plastic surgery are described. After taking an accurate history it is helpful to approach the examination in…

Introduction Local anaesthesia is very satisfactory for most ophthalmic plastic procedures. Children and some adults require general anaesthesia. Extensive procedures are more conveniently done under general anaesthesia because of the…

Introduction Ophthalmic plastic surgery shares many basic techniques with general plastic surgery. During the past 100 years, new techniques have been developed which take maximum advantage of the specialised anatomy…

Introduction The eyelids protect the eyes. Disease which alters eyelid structure or function threatens sight and an understanding of eyelid anatomy and physiology is fundamental to good reconstructive surgery. The…