Facial Nerve Monitoring
10.1055/b-0034-92464 Facial Nerve MonitoringEmily Z. Stucken, Kevin D. Brown, and Samuel H. Selesnick Injury to the facial nerve is one of the most feared and potentially devastating complications of otologic…
Imaging of the Facial Nerve
10.1055/b-0034-92452 Imaging of the Facial NerveAjay Gupta and C. Douglas Phillips With the advent of high-resolution multidetector computed tomography (CT; using 16- and 64-detector arrays) and increasing field strength (3…
Histopathology of Facial Nerve Disorders
10.1055/b-0034-92449 Histopathology of Facial Nerve DisordersJose N. Fayad and Fred H. Linthicum Jr. The normal histology of the facial nerve needs defining before discussing the histopathology. The facial nerve is…
Facial Nerve Paralysis Examination
10.1055/b-0034-92450 Facial Nerve Paralysis ExaminationBabak Azizzadeh, Jonathan S. Kulbersh, and Brendan P. O′Connell The facial nerve provides motor, sensory, and parasympathic innervation to the head and neck. The functional and…
Traumatic Facial Nerve Management
10.1055/b-0034-92458 Traumatic Facial Nerve ManagementJ. Walter Kutz Jr., Brandon Isaacson, and Peter S. Roland Trauma is second to idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy) as the most common cause of facial…
Surgical Treatment of Bell Palsy
10.1055/b-0034-92457 Surgical Treatment of Bell PalsySarah E. Mowry and Bruce J. Gantz Symmetric movement of the facial features is an integral part of how humans communicate. Loss of facial symmetry…
Extratemporal Causes of Facial Paralysis
10.1055/b-0034-92461 Extratemporal Causes of Facial ParalysisJohn P. Leonetti and Sam J. Marzo Acute facial paralysis is due to Bell palsy in ∼85% of patients who present with complete, unilateral facial…
Synkinesis and Hyperkinesis
10.1055/b-0034-92472 Synkinesis and HyperkinesisBarry M. Schaitkin Unwanted facial nerve movement disorders take many forms. Hemifacial spasm is a unilateral hyperactivity that usually begins focally and may progress to involve all…
Neuromuscular Retraining: Nonsurgical Therapy for Facial Palsy
10.1055/b-0034-92471 Neuromuscular Retraining: Nonsurgical Therapy for Facial PalsyH. Jacqueline Diels and Carien H.G. Beurskens Neuromuscular retraining (NMR) is a patient-centered approach to the nonsurgical treatment of facial paralysis, paresis, and…
Facial Nerve Monitoring
10.1055/b-0034-92464 Facial Nerve MonitoringEmily Z. Stucken, Kevin D. Brown, and Samuel H. Selesnick Injury to the facial nerve is one of the most feared and potentially devastating complications of otologic…
