Introduction Although nonsurgical methods such as electrolarynx and esophageal speech are available for patients, tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is considered the best means of voice restoration after total laryngectomy (TL). A…

Introduction A tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is a sequela of a tracheostomy and is usually associated with an unsightly depressed tracheostomy scar ( Fig. 23.1 ). Formation of this fistula is…

Introduction Tracheal resection may be undertaken for tracheal strictures and tracheal tumors. Most commonly the trachea is exposed through a cervical incision, but for distal tracheal or carinal access either…

Introduction 1. Airway protection is the most fundamental role of the mammalian larynx. (See Additional Sources for in-depth discussion.) 2. For some patients, laryngeal function is compromised by disease processes…

Introduction • Tracheostomy is essentially a “shortcut” into the airway that “bypasses” the upper airway. • Most tracheostomies are performed for ventilator support in critically ill patients or as a…

Introduction Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic tool that can also be used therapeutically. Both rigid ( Fig. 18.1 ) and flexible bronchoscopes ( Fig. 18.2 ) can be used, and…

Introduction Endoscopic percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a safe and simple bedside procedure that is particularly well suited to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Almost two-thirds of tracheostomies…

Introduction Total laryngopharyngectomy is employed for cancer of the hypopharynx. The hypopharynx forms the inferior part of the pharynx and is located immediately behind the larynx. It has three subsites—that…

Introduction The most common location of laryngeal cancer is the glottis, followed by the supraglottis, with the least common site being the subglottis. The American Cancer Society estimates that more…

Introduction Early supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma may be treated with either surgery or radiation as a single modality with equal results, based on retrospective evidence and extrapolation from larger studies…