Introduction A ranula is an extravasation mucocele that arises in the floor of mouth secondary to trauma to the sublingual gland or obstruction of the salivary ducts. The term ranula…

Introduction Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a consequence of the decreased concentration of ionized calcium in the blood, which may have many causes. SHPT is characterized by increased compensatory parathyroid hormone…

Introduction Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism has a success rate of 90% to 95% among experienced surgeons. However, management of persistent hyperparathyroidism following surgery can be challenging. Careful preoperative analysis of…

Introduction The parathyroid glands are usually found adjacent to the thyroid gland and produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases serum calcium levels by enhancing bone resorption, increasing calcium reabsorption in…

Introduction Open thyroidectomy incorporated a midline skin crease was first popularized by Kocher in 1906; since that time it has remained the standard surgical technique for thyroidectomy. This approach provides…

Introduction Thyroid cancer is a curable disease with increasing incidence and treatment strategies. This corresponds with the widespread use of screening modalities and improved health care availability. With more cases…

Introduction The potential for a seemingly benign entity like an infected tooth, tonsil, or skin lesion to cause life-threatening illness is due to the complex relationship between the spaces of…

Introduction Prior to the 20th century, thyroid surgery was associated with a high operative mortality rate. The meticulous surgical technique advanced by Kocher in the late 1890s transformed thyroidectomy into…

Introduction The otolaryngologist is often involved in surgery to provide access to the cervical spine. This is usually for the treatment of cervical spondylosis by the orthopedic or neurologic surgeon….