Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Key Points Floppy eyelid syndrome is an acquired condition It is characterized by hyperelastic, floppy, or rubbery eyelids that evert spontaneously during sleep causing exposure symptoms The…

Euryblepharon Key Points Euryblepharon is a horizontal enlargement of the palpebral aperture The etiology of euryblepharon is unknown, but theories include shortening of the anterior lamella, partial or complete developmental…

Essential Blepharospasm Key Points Essential blepharospasm (EB) is a complex neurologic condition Secondary, or reflex, blepharospasm is due to ocular surface disease, such as keratitis or blepharitis, or with eyelid…

Epicanthal Folds Key Points Epicanthal folds are small crescentic webs of skin that contour around the medial canthal region with their concavity directed toward the inner canthus They can be…

Distichiasis Key Points Distichiasis is a rare disorder where there is an abnormal growth of eyelashes from the orifices of the meibomian glands behind the normal row of eyelashes Distichiasis…

Congenital Upper and Lower Eyelid Coloboma Key Points A congenital eyelid coloboma is a full-thickness defect that can be unilateral or bilateral It may present with or without corneopalpebral adhesions…

Blepharophimosis Syndrome Key Points Blepharophimosis syndrome is genetically and phenotypically distinct from simple congenital ptosis Blepharophimosis inheritance is usually autosomal dominant, and approximately 75% of cases have a positive family…

Blepharochalasis Key Points Blepharochalasis is a rare eyelid disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of painless eyelid edema, eventually leading to atrophy of periorbital tissues The pathophysiology remains largely unknown, but…

Apraxia of Eyelid Opening Key Points Apraxia is a neurologic movement disorder characterized by the inability to carry out learned, skilled motor acts Apraxia of eyelid opening is characterized by…

Ankyloblepharon Key Points In ankyloblepharon, the eyelid margins are entirely or partially fused by full-thickness bands or partial filiform synechiae Ankyloblepharon can be congenital and can be isolated or syndromic…