Introduction: Why Do Patients Choose Refractive Surgery? Patients desire refractive surgery for a variety of reasons. For patients seeking laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or surface ablation, the most common…
Definition Corneal procedures performed to either restore vision or restore globe integrity. Key Features • Careful preoperative preparation and planning are critical to success. • Understand intraoperative and postoperative complications…
Definition of Fluorescein Angiography Fluorescein angiography (FA) is a diagnostic technique that uses intravenous or oral fluorescein dye to allow the sequential visualization of blood flow simultaneously through retinal, choroidal,…
Definition Anterior segment (AS) imaging allows topographic, anatomical, and cellular visualization of ocular tissues. Key Features • Anterior segment optical coherence tomography is essential in pre- and postoperative evaluation for…
Definition The process of premature retinal cell aging and cell death, generally confined to the macula, in which no clear demonstrable extrinsic cause is evident, and a genetically determined defect…
Definition Progressive dysfunction of the retinal vasculature caused by chronic hyperglycemia resulting in structural damage to the neural retina. Key Features • Microaneurysms. • Retinal hemorrhages. • Retinal lipid exudates….
Definition Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique based on the principle of optical reflectometry light, which enables precise anatomical examination of ocular structures. Key Features • High-resolution…
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Definition Occlusion of the central retinal vein at the lamina cribrosa. Key Features • Retinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants. • Dilated, tortuous veins in all…
Definition Report on the evolution of intraocular lens designs. Key features • Description of anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens designs, including lenses now obsolete, and their interaction with intraocular…
Definition Spectrum of malignant and benign neoplasms, choristomas, and hamartomas arising from or occurring within the conjunctiva, and nonneoplastic epibulbar tumors frequently misdiagnosed clinically as a conjunctival malignant neoplasm. Key…
