Chalazion and Hordeolum Key Points Hordeolum is a common painful infection of the eyelid margin It is usually caused by a staphylococcal infection and presents as a red swollen furuncle…

Blepharitis Key Points Blepharitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects the eyelid margin It can be classified etiologically into infectious and noninfectious types, and anatomically into anterior and…

Cavernous Venous Malformations Key Points Cavernous venous malformations, previously called cavernous hemangiomas, are rarely observed in the eyelids They are low flow developmental venous malformations and not true tumors, and…

Atopic Dermatitis Key Points Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of chronic, eczematous, or scaly lesions with remissions and exacerbations Patients may have a…

Arthropod Bites and Stings Key Points The classes of arthropods that are medically significant to humans include centipedes, millipedes, spiders, mites, and insects The pathophysiologic mechanisms causing clinical symptoms from…

Arteriovenous Malformations Key Points Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex developmental anomalies of small abnormal arteriovenous connections that bypass the high-resistance vascular capillary bed They occur principally in the head, neck,…

Angiofibroma Key Points Angiofibromas are cutaneous vascular neoplasms characterized by the presence of single or multiple small (1-3 mm) dome-shaped telangiectatic, translucent, skin-colored, or reddish papules Single lesions are extremely…

Angioedema Key Points Angioedema is an allergenic or nonallergenic, abrupt, short-lived inflammatory swelling of the reticular dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes It can occur either alone, may be associated…

Actinic Keratosis Key Points Alternative names in the literature include solar keratosis and senile keratosis Actinic keratosis (AK) results from the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes with variable degrees of dysplasia…

Acrochordon Key Points An acrochordon (skin tag) is a benign fleshy tumor that is frequently acquired in adult life The condition is characterized histopathologically by a slightly hyperplastic epithelium covering…