Key concepts • The causes of postoperative inflammation need to be divided into those occurring acutely and those occurring after the passage of time. • Fungal endophthalmitis may occur sometime…

Key concepts • Despite efforts at disease prevention there are still over 50 000 new HIV infections in the US every year, and HIV infection remains a global epidemic. • HIV…

Key concepts • Inflammatory disease needs to be clinically quiescent for at least 3 months before elective surgery is considered. • Adequate immunosuppressive therapy perioperatively is very important. • Surgery…

Key concepts • Infection remains a common cause of uveitis. Better diagnostic tests are helping to identify specific microbial agents as the cause of a number of uveitic conditions such…

Key concepts • Spirochetal disease includes a historical and clinical gamut of infections causing uveitis, including syphilis, endemic syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and leptospirosis. • Ocular findings can occur…

Key concepts • Despite effective antiviral therapies, herpes infection of the eye can lead to severe uveitis with substantial vision loss. • Because acute retinal necrosis (ARN) can often begin…

Key concepts • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of inflammatory eye disease. • Keratitis and anterior uveitis are frequent manifestations of HSV disease; secondary glaucoma is an…

Key concepts • A thorough ophthalmic examination is critical for both diagnosis and assessing response to therapy. • Use of standardized grading scales for assessing intraocular inflammation can improve patient…

* The author thanks Drs William Paul and Igal Gery for reviewing this chapter. The helpful parts of the chapter are due to their good and wise counsel. The parts…

Key concepts • Mistakes in ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy. • Diagnostic tests should be ordered to narrow down the differential diagnosis. •…