Outward-Directed Transport
Introduction Several barriers protect the eye from exogenous compounds that may exert toxic reactions in the eye. These barriers can be classified anatomically into three groups. First, the eye is…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
The Function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Introduction The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of pigmented cells located between the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segments and the fenestrated endothelium of the choriocapillaris. On both sides, specialized…
Three-Dimensional Eye Movements: Kinematics, Control, and Perceptual Consequences
Introduction For centuries it has been known that the eyes are capable of rotating in three dimensions (3D): horizontally (left-right), vertically (up-down), and torsionally (clockwise-counterclockwise, which for now we can…
Optical Aberrations and Wavefront Sensing
Introduction The purpose of the eye’s optical system is to form an image on the retina. For a perfect eye, all rays of light from a single point in space…
Bilateral vitreous floaters
History of present illness A 62-year-old man noted floaters in both eyes for a few months. He described some headaches as well. He had been in good health otherwise and…
Unilateral decreased vision associated with a peripheral mass in a young male patient
History of present illness A 28-year-old male patient was referred by an outside ophthalmologist for subacute vision loss in the right eye associated with a peripheral mass. The vision loss…
Peripheral proliferative retinal lesion
Introduction Presumed solitary circumscribed astrocytic retinal proliferation (PSCRAP) is a rare, benign retinal tumor that is typically discovered incidentally on examination. Usually, it is seen in White middle-aged male patients…
Familial dense vitreous floaters in a man
History of present illness We present a 36-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history referred for floaters of the left eye. He endorsed mild blurry vision of the left eye…
Diffuse choroidal thickness in a patient with migraine headaches
History of present illness A 28-year-old female patient was referred by the outside retina practice for evaluation of a possible mass lesion in the left eye. The patient reported occasional…
