Introduction Neuropathic ocular pain (NOP) in dry eye disease (DED) has hitherto remained an underdiagnosed and challenging condition to treat. The pathogenesis of NOP includes injury to the corneal nerves,…
The treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) first requires both proper diagnosis of the condition and identification of contributory ocular surfaces disorders that may confuse proper attribution of both patient…
The Link Between Systemic Pain Conditions and Dry Eye Introduction Chronic pain is a pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months. With an estimated 20% prevalence in the…
Acknowledgments I would like to thank Sunita Radhakrishnan, Robert Honkanen, and Sarah Weissbart for their valuable input on this topic. Thank you to Samuel Gurevich for helping in editing and…
European Dry Eye Society The European Dry Eye Society (EuDES) was founded in 2020. Its goal is to support European researchers and clinicians to expand our knowledge in the area…
Acknowledgment We wish to acknowledge Chuan Yu Wu for his asssistance in creating Fig. 6.1 . Introduction The term keratoconjunctivitis sicca , introduced by the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren, refers to…
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition of the ocular surface, characterized by chronic inflammatory damages of the cornea and conjunctiva, along with the involvement of Meibomian and…
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is an umbrella term that represents a wide spectrum of disorders with different clinical presentations and variable risk factors. In 2017, in light of studies…
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease for which the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Nevertheless, a combination of a compromised tear film, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory…
The accepted TFOS DEWS II definition (2017) of dry eye includes symptoms as a required element of a diagnosis of dry eye disease and this was also the case with…
