Pharmacologic Treatment of Presbyopia
How do we visualize a 3-dimensional world on a 2-dimensional surface called the retina? For the most part, we use the mechanism called accommodation. Accommodation allows us to see clear…
Visual Snow Syndrome
Visual snow syndrome (VSS), although occurring in only ∼2% of the population, in relative numbers, this represents a significant number of people. Its most common etiology is concussion. The key…
Recent Advances in Eyelid Tumors
Eyelid tumors can be both benign and malignant. The management of these pathologies varies according to the type of the lesions. Previously, the most widely accepted treatment option was surgical…
Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in the United States
Introduction The treatment of patients with dry eye disease is based upon the severity of the patient’s disease and symptoms. In addition, since there are several factors that can contribute…
Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Asia
Acknowledgments The authors express our sincere thanks to Ms. Catherine Oshima for administrative support and editing of the manuscript. Conflicts of Interest Vilavun Puangsricharern, Louis Tong, and Chi Hoang Viet…
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye Disease
Introduction Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is among the most commonly encountered chronic ocular conditions in clinical practice, and is acknowledged to be a leading contributor of evaporative dry eye disease….
Graft Versus Host Disease and Dry Eye Disease
Introduction Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potentially life-threatening multiorgan systemic disease affecting patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). GVHD is characterized by immune dysregulation and tissue inflammation with…
Pathways and Mechanisms of Ocular Pain and Photophobia in Dry Eye Disease
Introduction Sensory nerves normally convey signals of pain to the brain. Yet, the overall experience and behavioral manifestations of pain are determined by mechanisms within the peripheral and central nervous…
Treatment of Ocular Pain Not Responsive to Traditional Dry Eye Disease Treatments
Introduction Neuropathic ocular pain (NOP) in dry eye disease (DED) has hitherto remained an underdiagnosed and challenging condition to treat. The pathogenesis of NOP includes injury to the corneal nerves,…
Treatment of Meibomian Gland Disease
The treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) first requires both proper diagnosis of the condition and identification of contributory ocular surfaces disorders that may confuse proper attribution of both patient…
