Topical Antibiotics and Steroids
1. You are an antibiotic or steroid eyedrop just placed in the conjunctival fornix. Discuss the barriers to your journey into the eye. Many eyedrop dispensers deliver a 50-μL eyedrop….
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
1. How does ophthalmia neonatorum typically present? Inflammation of the conjunctiva within the first month of life is classified as ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis). A purulent or mucoid discharge from…
Biochemistry and cell biology
Introduction The eye is a miracle of self-organization. While many tissues such as muscle and kidney comprise predominantly a restricted set of more or less specialized cell types, almost all…
Immunology
Introduction Immunology is the study of host defence mechanisms. Even the simplest organisms have the ability to mount a variety of specific and non-specific responses to invasion or attack by…
Anatomy of the eye and orbit
• Anatomical terms of reference • Osteology of the skull and orbits • Structure of the eye • Orbital contents • Cranial nerves associated with the eye and orbit •…
Physiology of vision and the visual system
Introduction Vision in all its aspects could arguably be described as the most important physiological function for survival. Vision encompasses detection of luminance (and, we now understand, irradiance), contrast sensitivity…
Microbial infections of the eye
Introduction The outcome of microbial infections depends on both the virulence of the infecting organism and the veracity of the host response. The balance of these two entities will determine…
General and ocular pharmacology
Introduction This chapter covers the basic principles of clinical pharmacology, with particular reference to drugs used in the management of ophthalmic disorders, methods of ocular drug delivery, and the interactions…
