Traumatic Glaucoma and Hyphema
1. What is a hyphema? A hyphema is blood in the anterior chamber. The appearance of a hyphema may range from microscopic, seen only at the slit lamp as erythrocytes…
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
1. A 72-year-old man presents for a routine exam. He states that vision in the left eye is getting bad. On exam, he has vision of 20/30 in the right…
Medical Treatment of Glaucoma
1. What classes of medications are used to treat glaucoma? See Table 18-1 . Table 18-1 Commonly Used Agents for Glaucoma Management Chemical Name Color Top Strength Usual Dosage Size…
Keratoconus
1. What is keratoconus? Keratoconus is a noninflammatory ectatic disorder of the cornea that leads to variable visual impairment. The cornea becomes steepened and thinned, thereby inducing myopia and irregular…
Refractive Surgery
1. What are the refractive components of the eye? The cornea and the lens refract incident light so that it is focused on the fovea, the center of the retina….
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
1. What landmarks are seen in the anterior chamber angle? The structures noted in anterior-to-posterior sequence are as follows (numbered list corresponds to numbers in Fig. 16-1 ): 1. Schwalbe’s…
Ophthalmic and Orbital Testing
1. What is the electroretinogram? The electroretinogram (ERG) is a recording of the electrical discharges from the retina elicited by a flash of light. This response is secondary to transretinal…
Optics and Refraction
1. What is the primary focal point (F 1 )? The primary focal point is the point along the optical axis at which an object must be placed for parallel…
Color Vision
1. What are photons? Atoms consist of a nucleus (composed of protons and neutrons) and electrons, which revolve around the nucleus in orbits of more or less fixed diameter. An…
