Abstract Macular edema as a result of a blood–retinal barrier breakdown is common to various diseases. This chapter describes different clinical entities leading to macular edema and details the molecular…
1. What is the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm? Uveal metastasis, usually from a distant primary carcinoma, is thought to be the most common malignant intraocular neoplasm. An estimated 66,000…
Acknowledgments We acknowledge Vernon K. W. Wong, chapter author from the previous edition. Branch retinal vein occlusion 1. What are the symptoms of a branch retinal vein occlusion? Patients may…
1. What is retinal detachment? Retinal detachment (RD) is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium with accumulation of fluid in the potential space between the…
1. What is Coats disease? Exudation, retinal telangiectasia, and retinal aneurysms are hallmarks of the disorder, named for the British ophthalmologist George Coats, who first described this condition in 1908….
1. What types of retinal arterial obstructions can occur? Retinal arterial obstructions are generally divided into branch retinal arterial obstructions and central retinal arterial obstructions, depending on the precise site…
1. What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children. It arises from primitive cells destined to be retinal tissue. Generally, it is found in babies from…
1. What is the main differential diagnosis of a relatively flat pigmented fundus lesion? 1. Choroidal nevus ( Fig. 50-1 ) Figure 50-1 Typical choroidal nevus adjacent to the optic…
1. Should all orbital capillary hemangiomas be excised? No. Orbital capillary hemangioma (hemangioma of infancy) should be treated only if there is evidence of: • Amblyopia caused by refractive error…
1. How is diabetic retinopathy classified? What fundus features are characteristic of each category? • Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR): This form is arbitrarily divided into three categories based on severity:…
