Ento Key

Key Points ▪ Cleft lip and palate deformities constitute the most common congenital defects of the head. ▪ The etiology of clefting is multifactorial. Its prevalence varies among ethnic groups…

Key Points ▪ Tracheal anomalies in children represent one of the greater challenges in pediatric otolaryngology. In addition to the compromised airway, there is a high prevalence of associated anomalies….

Key Points ▪ Glottic and subglottic stenosis may arise from diverse etiologies that include, in descending order of frequency, iatrogenic causes such as prolonged endotracheal intubation or laryngeal surgery; external…

Key Points ▪ Most foreign bodies found in the airway or alimentary tract occur in boys under the age of 3 years. Common airway foreign bodies include peanuts, seeds, and…

Key Points ▪ The first priority in evaluating children with aerodigestive disorders is to ensure a safe airway. ▪ The coordination of breathing and swallowing is crucial to survival, because…

Key Points ▪ The two major categories of neck masses in children are congenital and acquired lesions. The majority of congenital lesions are cysts, whereas most acquired lesions are infectious…

Key Points • Preservation of hearing and the seventh cranial nerve must always take precedence over the desire to correct conductive hearing loss in congenital aural atresia and congenital external…

Key Points ▪ Trauma is a predominant cause of morbidity in the pediatric population and the most common cause of death in children over 1 year of age. ▪ Anatomic…

Key Points ▪ The physician must be familiar with and able to diagnose a wide range of infections that may be seen in the pediatric head and neck. ▪ The…

Key Points ▪ All theories of facial growth control mechanisms are speculative, and none is fully satisfactory. ▪ In Moss’s functional matrix hypothesis, the functional matrix surrounding cartilage and bone…