Retinopathy of Prematurity
Definition A proliferative retinopathy of premature infants. Key Features Avascular Retina • Stage 1: demarcation line between normal and avascular retina. • Stage 2: elevated ridge between normal and avascular…
Noninfectious Keratitis
Definition Corneal inflammation with no known infectious etiology. Key Feature • Diverse group of diseases with corneal inflammation as the common feature. Associated Feature • Systemic inflammatory disease. Introduction In…
Vitreous Anatomy and Pathology
Definition Vitreous is an extended extracellular matrix situated between the lens and the retina, approximately 4 mL in volume and 16.5 mm in emmetropic axial length. Key Features • Optically clear. •…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Definition Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an imaging modality that uses variation (or decorrelation) in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal to detect motion in biological tissues. Key Features…
Episcleritis and Scleritis
Definition of Episcleritis Inflammation of the connective tissue between the sclera and the conjunctiva. Key Features • Self-limiting. • Less painful than scleritis. • Blanches with topical neosynephrine. • Does…
Complications of Cataract Surgery
Definition All unwanted events during or after conventional cataract surgery with potential threat to the normal structure and/or function of the eye. Key Features • Intraoperative complications, depending on incision,…
Vitrectomy
Definition Vitrectomy is an intraocular surgery during which the vitreous is removed to allow for adjunctive procedures to repair retinal and/or macular pathology or to remove foreign, abnormal, or dislocated…
Secondary Cataract
Definition Secondary cataract, also known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO), is the most common complication after cataract surgery, resulting from migration and proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) onto…
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Definition Ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion. Key Features • Visual loss. • Blot retinal hemorrhages. • Dilated, beaded retinal veins. • Decreased ocular perfusion pressure….
Scleral Buckling Surgery
Definition Closure of retinal breaks by scleral indentation. Key Features • Identification, localization, and treatment of retinal breaks. • Scleral imbrication. Associated Features • Anatomical success rate high—generally 80%–90%. •…
