1 Preparation for Strabismus Surgery
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The presence of strabismus precludes normal visual development in infancy and early childhood, resulting in poor fusion and, in many cases, amblyopia. Quality of life can…
Endoscopic Management of Pediatric Nasolacrimal Obstruction
Epiphora in the pediatric population often originates from a disorder of the lacrimal drainage system. In most cases, the cause is congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), which often presents during…
Neuromonitoring in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Introduction Endoscopic surgery of the cranial base is frequently utilized for pathologies such as pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, chordoma, and chondrosarcoma. Such operations involve working in close proximity to critical neurovascular…
Transorbital Endoscopic and Neuroendoscopic Surgery
The development of transnasal endoscopic approaches to skull base pathology significantly decreased the surgical disruption and collateral damage relative to their open predecessors, such as the craniofacial and subcranial approaches….
Transcranial Approaches to the Optic Apparatus
Transcranial approaches to the optic apparatus include both traditional approaches, such as frontotemporal (pterional) and bifrontal craniotomies, as well as more recent minimally invasive keyhole approaches, including the supraorbital eyebrow…
Complications in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
With continued advancements in endoscopic approaches for skull base surgery, understanding the risks and potential complications of these techniques is critical in planning surgical access and counseling patients. Extensive transclival…
Reconstructive Techniques in Endoscopic Skull Base and Orbital Surgery
Advances in endoscopic surgical techniques and instrumentation have led to an expansion in the size and diversity of skull base lesions that are amenable to endoscopic resection. However, one of…
Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Optic Apparatus: Technique and Pathology
The optic apparatus includes the optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tracts. Lesions affecting this region vary widely with respect to histologic type, site, extent, and clinicopathologic behavior. Treatment of these…
Surgical Anatomy of the Optic Nerves and Chiasm
The optic nerve and chiasm can be involved with pathology affecting the orbit, orbital apex, and skull base. When surgically addressing these structures, it is critical to maintain not only…
Endoscopic Orbital Fracture Repair
Endoscopic Repair of a Medial Orbital Wall Facture With the “Milan Technique” Endoscopic Medial Orbital Wall Reconstruction After Removal of an Orbital Mass Via a Transnasal Approach Among the seven…
