Most esophoria is ‘accommodative’, in that it largely results from excessive accommodation due to uncorrected hypermetropia or prolonged close work. As a result of the accommodation/convergence linkage, the overactive accommodation…
Before dealing with the individual heterophoric conditions in the next three chapters, this chapter outlines the basic principles of management. There are two reasons to treat a heterophoria: to alleviate…
A heterophoria is compensated when the vergence system can adequately overcome the heterophoria. Yet there are subjects with a negligible heterophoria and whose opposing fusional reserves meet the conventional criteria…
Introduction The routine for examining the eyes and vision of every patient in primary eyecare should have three objectives: to detect the presence of anomalies, indicate when further investigative tests…
Objectives In examining the eyes and vision of preschool children, under the age of 4–5 years, the approach and method should be modified from the routine appropriate to older children…
Introduction Binocular vision is the coordination and integration of what is received from the two eyes separately into a single binocular percept. Proper functioning of binocular vision without symptoms depends…
Hyaluronic Acid and Other Soft Tissue Fillers for Facial Rejuvenation David R. Jordan EDITOR COMMENTARY The search for an ideal soft tissue filler to correct various facial folds and wrinkles…
Infraorbital Discoloration: Dark Circles—An Anatomic Analysis and Treatment Cynthia A. Boxrud Deena A. Sylvester Infraorbital discoloration is a common complaint among many patients who often describe the problem as dark…
Injectable Fillers in Facial Aesthetic Surgery Raymond S. Douglas Todd Cook Irene Donsoff Norman Shorr The search for an ideal material for soft tissue augmentation continues, as evident by the…
Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Toxin Jill A. Foster Allison T. Vidimos EDITOR COMMENTARY Chapter 5 considers office adjunctive procedures that not only enhance the periorbital area but also the entire…
