Hypertensive Retinopathy SALIENT FEATURES Hypertensive retinopathy develops when retinal vascular damage occurs secondary to either hypertensive emergency acutely or chronically elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive retinopathy may be asymptomatic or, in…
Radiation Retinopathy SALIENT FEATURES Radiation retinopathy (RR), characterized as nonproliferative or proliferative, is a slowly progressive retinal vasculopathy that develops following exposure to ocular irradiation from plaque brachytherapy, external beam…
Sickle Cell Retinopathy and Carrier States SALIENT FEATURES Sickle cell retinopathy is an ocular complication of sickle cell carrier states or sickle cell disease, a common and life-threatening hemoglobinopathy affecting…
Coats Disease SALIENT FEATURES Coats disease is a predominantly unilateral, idiopathic, nonhereditary, congenital retinal vascular abnormality. A variant of type 1 macular telangiectasia; it involves telangiectasias of small- and medium-sized…
Macular Telangiectasia Type II SALIENT FEATURES Bilateral, slowly progressive condition usually affecting patients between the ages of 40 and 60 years characterized by macular capillary changes, variable foveal cavitations, and…
Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy SALIENT FEATURES Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare condition classically defined by a wedge-shaped or petaloid lesion directed toward the fovea (Figure 13.1).1,2 Patients most commonly…
Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy SALIENT FEATURES Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding defined by the presence of a hyperreflective band at the level of…
Retinal Macroaneurysm SALIENT FEATURES Retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAM) is a rare, acquired, round or fusiform dilation of the retinal arteriole, most commonly found along the temporal arcades.1,2,3,4 RAM is most…
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) usually results from occlusion of a division of the retinal artery due to embolism leading to sudden segmental visual…
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) results most commonly due to embolism or intravascular thrombosis causing sudden, painless, monocular visual loss as a result of…
