Sjögren’s Syndrome Dry Eye Disease
Acknowledgment We wish to acknowledge Chuan Yu Wu for his asssistance in creating Fig. 6.1 . Introduction The term keratoconjunctivitis sicca , introduced by the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren, refers to…
Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease Using Animal Models
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition of the ocular surface, characterized by chronic inflammatory damages of the cornea and conjunctiva, along with the involvement of Meibomian and…
Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease Using Human Models
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is an umbrella term that represents a wide spectrum of disorders with different clinical presentations and variable risk factors. In 2017, in light of studies…
Clinical Assessment of Dry Eye Disease: Nerve Health
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease for which the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Nevertheless, a combination of a compromised tear film, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory…
Questionnaire Design and Use to Assess Dry Eye Disease
The accepted TFOS DEWS II definition (2017) of dry eye includes symptoms as a required element of a diagnosis of dry eye disease and this was also the case with…
Clinical Assessments of Dry Eye Disease: Tear Film and Ocular Surface Health
Introduction Over the last 25 years, our collective knowledge of dry eye disease (DED) has grown exponentially, yet many of the most commonly used clinical diagnostic tests have remained largely…
