Ophthalmic and Orbital Testing
1. What is the electroretinogram? The electroretinogram (ERG) is a recording of the electrical discharges from the retina elicited by a flash of light. This response is secondary to transretinal…
1. What is the electroretinogram? The electroretinogram (ERG) is a recording of the electrical discharges from the retina elicited by a flash of light. This response is secondary to transretinal…
1. What is the primary focal point (F 1 )? The primary focal point is the point along the optical axis at which an object must be placed for parallel…
1. What are photons? Atoms consist of a nucleus (composed of protons and neutrons) and electrons, which revolve around the nucleus in orbits of more or less fixed diameter. An…
1. What are the main types of visual-field tests? • Confrontation visual fields • Kinetic perimetry • Static perimetry • Amsler grids 2. How are confrontation fields used in practice?…
Orbit 1. Name the bones of the orbit (see Fig. 2-1 ). • Medial wall: Sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary • Lateral wall: Zygomatic, greater wing of the sphenoid • Roof:…
I General 1. Name the seven bones that make up the bony orbit and describe which location is most prone to damage in an orbital blow-out fracture. The seven orbital…
1. What are corneal dystrophies? Corneal dystrophies are bilateral, inherited, noninflammatory, commonly progressive alterations of the cornea that are usually not associated with any other systemic condition. Most corneal dystrophies…
II Cornea and external diseases 1. Name the main causes of a red eye. • Conjunctivitis • Episcleritis • Subconjunctival hemorrhage • Scleritis • Corneal disease and trauma • Dry…
1. What is a corneal ulcer? Infections of the cornea involve the epithelium and/or stroma. Some infections may occur strictly within the epithelium (i.e., herpes simplex epithelial keratitis), whereas others…