1. What complications may result from local anesthesia for cataract surgery? • Retrobulbar hemorrhage is the most common complication from retrobulbar injection. Blood collects in the retrobulbar space, often causing…
1. What is the differential diagnosis of exotropia? • Congenital exotropia • Sensory exotropia • Third-nerve palsy • Duane’s syndrome • Craniofacial abnormalities with divergent orbit (e.g., Apert’s syndrome or…
1. What is an esodeviation? A convergent deviation, noted by crossing or in-turning of the eyes, is designated by the prefix eso . 2. What are the different types of…
1. How are forced ductions performed? Before beginning surgery, place an eyelid speculum in both eyes. Using one- or two-toothed forceps, grasp the conjunctiva at the limbus. Move the eye…
1. A young woman complains of headaches. Her vision is 20/20 in each eye with no evidence of afferent pupillary defect. She has a bitemporal visual-field cut. What do you…
1. What is optic neuritis? Optic neuritis is any inflammation of the optic nerve. It may be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease. 2. Which systemic diseases are associated with…
