Ento Key

1 Goals and Considerations Multiple mechanisms underlie upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although a small upper airway size is fundamental to OSA, muscle tone, tissue factors, lung…

1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is often the result of obstruction at multiple anatomic sites. Nasal, palatal, and hypopharyngeal obstruction, acting alone or in concert, are frequently identified…

1 Introduction Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the standard modality for treating moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. It was first described by Colin Sullivan, an…

1 Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a growing health care concern with many potentially detrimental consequences and important anesthetic implications. A rise in obesity among the population of…

1 Introduction The assessment of patients for snoring and sleep apnea includes a comprehensive sleep history, physical examination, and a diagnostic sleep study. The compilation of this information allows for…

1 Introduction Intraoral mandibular advancement devices (MADs) have become an acceptable and common treatment for the signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the United States. Oral appliances…

1 Background and Rationale for Surgical Therapy The rationale for and the objectives of surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are fundamentally analogous to those of medical management: to…

1 Introduction Arguably, the goal of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is (1) elimination or improvement of symptoms, (2) normalization or improvement of sleep study parameters, and (3) cardiovascular…

1 Introduction Testing for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) outside of the sleep laboratory setting has become increasingly common in the United States. Since 2008, when the Centers for Medicare and…