Episcleritis, Scleritis, and Keratitis Theresa Larson Shilpa Kodati H. Nida Sen EPISCLERITIS Episcleritis is a self-limiting, generally benign inflammation of the episclera. Etiology and Epidemiology • Episcleritis occurs most frequently…
Anterior Uveitis HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN B27-ASSOCIATED UVEITIS Julie Gueudry Bahram Bodaghi Anterior uveitis constitutes up to 75% of all cases of uveitis, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated uveitis is the…
Anatomic Classification of Uveitis Wendy M. Smith Lisa J. Faia Sunir J. Garg H. Nida Sen The uvea—made up of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid—is a pigmented, vascular structure…
Immune Response Overview Sunir J. Garg BASIC CONCEPTS • The immune response is a complex system that protects the body from harm. Ideally, the immune response recognizes pathologic material and…
Orbital Neoplasms CONGENITAL ORBITAL TUMORS DERMOID CYSTS Dermoid cysts are relatively common, benign, orbital tumors in children. Classically, they are present at birth, are located superior temporally at the orbital…
Eyelid Malpositions ENTROPION ACUTE SPASTIC ENTROPION Acute spastic entropion is the result of eyelid swelling along with orbicularis spasm that results in a temporary in-turning of the eyelid. A cycle…
Orbital Trauma ORBITAL FRACTURES ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURE Orbital floor fractures are the most common type of orbital fracture. This is the result of a blow to the eye itself or…
Orbital Infections ORBITAL CELLULITIS Orbital cellulitis is a real ophthalmic emergency that needs prompt recognition and treatment. In severe cases, the infection can progress rapidly over a few hours with…
Glaucoma Drainage Devices Laura A. Vickers Nathaniel C. Sears JoAnn A. Giaconi Marlene R. Moster DESCRIPTION • Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) are designed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). They are…
Orbital Inflammation THYROID EYE DISEASE Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common cause of proptosis in adults. The disease can range from mild eyelid retraction to severe proptosis with…
