Ento Key

Intraocular Tumors in Adults MELANOCYTIC TUMORS OF THE UVEAL TRACT Introduction In adults, most intraocular tumors arise from, or involve the uveal tract, the eye’s middle coat composed of the…

Vitreous The transparent gelatinous vitreous humor fills most of the interior of the eye. The most delicate connective tissue in the body, the vitreous humor is composed of a framework…

Retina An outpost of the central nervous system, the retina is a colony of brain cells that is located in the periphery of the body where it is able to…

Glaucoma Visual loss in glaucoma is caused by the death of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons that constitute the nerve fiber layer of the retina and the optic…

The Lens The embryology and histology of the lens are discussed in Chapter 1. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE LENS The posterior surface of the lens in an infant’s eye often…

Cornea and Sclera CORNEAL HISTOLOGY The cornea is the principal refractive element of the eye (Fig. 1-8). Its anterior surface is covered by a layer of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium…

Conjunctiva The conjunctiva is a delicate mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of eyelids. The term conjunctiva is derived from the Latin…

Ocular Trauma Many eyes that are enucleated have a past history of nonsurgical or surgical trauma. The eye can be totally destroyed by severe injuries that violate the integrity of…

Inflammation INTRODUCTION During the evolutionary struggle for survival, a complex series of defense mechanisms (that we in its totality call inflammation) has evolved. The inflammatory response involves a variety of…

Congenital and Developmental Anomalies Congenital anomalies are developmental disorders that are present at birth. Congenital malformations are caused by chromosomal abnormalities, mutant genes, and major environmental factors such as infections,…