Ento Key

Climatic Keratopathy Gary N. Foulks The array of nonhereditary degenerative keratopathy related to geographic or climatic conditions or environmental exposure is vast. Climatic keratopathy is a rubric describing these various…

Filamentary Keratitis Shigeru Kinoshita Norihiko Yokoi GENERAL FEATURES Filamentary keratitis, first described by Leber (1) in 1882, is a chronic disorder of the cornea characterized by one or more filaments…

Thygeson’s Superficial Punctate Keratitis Parveen K. Nagra Peter R. Laibson The term superficial punctate keratitis was coined by Ernst Fuchs (1) to describe the corneal changes that he observed during…

Rosacea Sonia H. Yoo Andre C. Romano Rosacea is a chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory disorder affecting both the facial skin and the eye. The cutaneous manifestations include flushing, telangiectasia, and papules…

Ligneous Conjunctivitis Peter C. Donshik Melinda L. Ramsby Gregory S. Makowski BACKGROUND Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic conjunctivitis first described in 1847 by Bouisson (1) as a…

Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis Thanh Hoang-Xuan Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the ocular surface, which can be easily overlooked (still too often the case) if one…

Sjögren’s Syndrome Murat Dogru Kazuo Tsubota Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder, mainly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands, which is influenced by genetic as well as environmental…

Blepharitis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction William Ayliffe Blepharitis is, by definition, inflammation of the eyelids. Many clinical entities can cause blepharitis (1,2). This disorder is extremely common and several conditions…

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca: Clinical Aspects Abha Gulati Reza Dana Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or dry-eye syndrome (DES) is composed of a variety of ocular surface disorders of diverse pathogenesis that share, as…