10.1055/b-0038-162799 8.12 Pediatric Hearing Loss Key Features Age at identification has significantly decreased since the advent of newborn hearing screening. Early identification and treatment of hearing loss is essential to…
10.1055/b-0038-162798 8.11 Congenital Nasal Obstruction Key Features Congenital nasal obstruction can range in severity from a mild irritant to a life-threatening condition with potentially devastating consequences in the neonate. The…
10.1055/b-0038-162797 8.10 Diseases of the Adenoids and Palatine Tonsils 8.10.1 Adenotonsillitis Key Features Adenotonsillitis is most commonly viral in etiology. Bacterial etiology is similar to acute otitis media (OM): Group…
10.1055/b-0038-162796 8.9 Genetics and Syndromes Congenital anomalies, whether single or multiple, can be induced by environmental and teratogenic insults as well as chromosomal or single-gene defects. This chapter includes only…
10.1055/b-0038-162795 8.8 Pierre Robin′s Sequence Key Features Pierre Robin′s sequence requires the presence of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and usually a cleft palate (frequently U-shaped). Infants present with airway obstruction, because the…
10.1055/b-0038-162794 8.7 Subglottic Stenosis Key Features The subglottis is the narrowest part of the infant airway. Acquired subglottic stenosis is most commonly found; the most common related factor is intubation….
10.1055/b-0038-162793 8.6 Vascular Rings Key Features The trachea and esophagus are completely or incompletely surrounded by vascular structures. Compression of the trachea, the bronchi, and/or the esophagus may occur. Most…
10.1055/b-0038-162792 8.5 Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia Key Features Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) are the result of a congenital communication between the trachea and esophagus. EA is…
10.1055/b-0038-162791 8.4 Laryngeal Clefts Key Features Laryngeal clefts are a rare congenital anomaly. They are frequently associated with other anomalies. Clinical presentation varies with the extent of the cleft. The…
10.1055/b-0038-162790 8.3 Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Key Features Bilateral vocal fold paralysis is the second most common cause of infantile stridor. It typically requires a tracheotomy for maintenance of airway…
