2.1
Lower trapezius
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Surfac e anatomy : Lower part of trapezius and thin superficial muscle covering parts of scapula and rhomboid muscles.
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Origin : Spinous process of T4–T12 vertebrae.
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Insertion : Scapular spine.
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Function : Stabilization, retraction, and rotation scapular upward rotation (from posterior view).
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Motor point (MP) : Superficially located, lateral one-third between midpoint (A) of medial border of scapula and spinous process (B, here T6 spinous process). 9
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Injection tip : This muscle is the most superficial layer. To avoid injecting into the rhomboid muscles, please keep the needle superficially.
2.2
Paraspinal muscles
