–Homer-Wright rosetteis like a jelly donut that Homer Simpson would eat – the rosette has a filled center, no lumen (as opposed to Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette).

Parinaud’s syndrome: PARINAUDS

Papilledema

Accommodative insufficiency

Retraction of lid (Collier’s sign)

Insufficient convergence

Nystagmus

Aqueductal stenosis

Upgaze deficit

Dissociation of light-near response

Skew deviation

Hereditary optic neuropathies:Kjer’s, Behr’s, and Leber’s

Unilateral caloric stimulation (direction of fast jerk): COWS–Cold Opposite Warm Same.

Nerves LeFT out of the annulus of Zinn – LFTs:

Lacrimal

Frontal

Trochlea

Superior ophthalmic vein

Rhyme: “3, 4, SO, V₁, 6. Through the SO Fix” – cranial nerves 3, 4, sympathetics, superior ophthalmic vein, branches of V₁, cranial nerve 6.

Muscles affected by thyroid (in order of frequency):

“I M Stuart Little.”

Inferior

Medial

Superior

Lateral

Nodules

KoePpe nodules – Pupillary border
Busacca nodules – Mid Periphery
Berlin nodules – Iris Angle

Reiter’s Syndrome Can’t see, Can’t pee, Can’t climb a tree:Conjunctivits/irtis, urethritis, polyarthritis.

RAM GAP for duochrome test: if patient sees the Red half clearer, Add Minus. If the Green side is clearer, Add Plus.

Cloudy cornea at birth: Don’t get STUMPED!

Sclerocornea

Trauma

Ulcer

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Peters anomaly

Endothelial dystrophy (CHED)

Dermoid

MarylinMonroe Always Gets Her Man in L.A.

County(corneal dystrophies)

Macular

Mucopolysaccharide

Alcian blue

______________________

Granular dystrophy

Hyaline

Masson trichrome

______________________

Lattice Amyloid Congo red

-Bacteria that can penetrate intact corneas (they

create “CANALS”)

Corynebacteria

Aegyptus (Hemophilus)

Neisseria

Acanthaomoeba

Listeria

Shigella

Band keratopathy happens at the level of Bowman’s membrane

Terrien’s in Teens at Twelve:Terrien’s marginal degeneration occurs in the Teens and twenties and starts superiorly (at Twelve o’clock)

BIGH3 gene is LARGe (corneal dystrophies)

Lattice

Avellino

Reis-Bucklers

Granular

Interstitial Keratitis (IK): In Kenya, Cogan Saw Two

Laughing Hyenas Making Love

IK

Cogan’s syndrome

Syphilis

TB

Lyme/leprosy

Herpetic

Measles/Mumps

LGV/Leishmaniasis

-Fungal Keratitis demographics

North: Candida in Canada
South: Fusarium in Florida

DDx for Blue Sclera:Hurlers, Turner, Marfans, osteogenic imperfecta, staphyloma, oculodermal melanocytosis, Ehlers-Danlos, scleromalacia perforans

-MALE: transposition of muscles for A and V

patterns

Medial rectus toward the Apex

Lateral rectus toward the Empty space

Hermansky-Pudlak:Platelet defect, Puerto Ricans

-PEPSI: Angioid Streaks

Pseduoxanthoma elasticum

Ehlers Danlos

Paget’s disease of the bone

Sickle cell anemia

Idiopathic

-StARgARdt’s disease: Autosomal Recessive (AR)

-Female CARrier states (retinal changes): CAR

Choroideremia

Albinism

Retinitis pigmentosa

-Tuberous Sclerosis:Zits, Fits, Twits: sebaceous adenoma, seizures, mental retardation

-Melanoma: To Find Small Ocular Melanoma:

(likelihood of melanoma vs. nevus, 1 factor then

30% chance of progression, 3 factors then 50%

chance of progression)

Thickness >2 mm

Fluid

Symptoms

Orange pigment

Margin of optic nerve

-Stages of sickle retinopathy: NASVaR (like

NASCaR)

Nonperfusion

AV anastomoses

Sea-fan neovascularization

Vitreous hemorrhage

Retinal detachment

-Best’s disease:Chromosome 11 – imagine an egg yolk-like macular lesion with two strips of bacon (for the number 11).

-Choroidal folds: THIN RPE

Tumors

Hypotony

Inflammation/Idiopathic

Neovascular membrane

Retrobulbar mass

Papilledema

Extraocular hardware

-Crystalline retinopathy:(hydroxy-)chloroquine, tamoxifen, canthaxanthine, talc, methoxyflurane, Bietti’s, idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia

-CME without leakage on FA:nicotinic acid maculopathy, Goldmann-Favre, retinoschisis