Keratoconus is today a classic topic in ophthalmology . Its history is associated to a background of a corneal disease with a blinding potential and no hope for treatment. It is only since the late 1950s that contact lenses have become a partial solution for the visual loss for some cases of keratoconus while other approaches were nonexisting. Those patients diagnosed with keratoconus had the same category as any corneal dystrophy with no potential treatment and no therapeutic recommendations to perform. The patients had no hope for the future and could not do anything about preventing its progress or being informed about the potential long-term complications or any consistent and reliable therapeutic approach.

Since those historical and recent “black days” until now there has been a tremendous evolution. At this moment in 2016, there is a completely different approach for the diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus.

The study and diagnosis of keratoconus has radically changed since the early seventeenth century when the Jesuit Priest Christoph Scheiner [1] experienced and reported that glasses of different shapes reflect light in different ways, until nowadays, corneal diagnostic technology has taken a huge step forward. Scheiner used the optical phenomenon he described to assess the curvature of the human cornea. In doing it, he was able to compare the light reflections of different shapes and he even described some pathologies that were evident cases of keratoconus. Since those early days and later on when the sophistications for the measurement of corneal curvature were introduced in the late nineteenth century by Javal until almost recently with the development of modern corneal topographies, a new diagnostic universe has appeared [2]. A universe of precise diagnosis, developing early indicators of the disease [3] and indeed creating grading in categories of the disease according to severity [4].