Hoarseness

Hoarseness (dysphonia) is a subjective alteration in voice quality. There are many causes of hoarseness (Figure 32.1). Common causes include laryngitis, vocal cord nodules and muscle tension dysphonia. If hoarseness persists for more than 3 weeks it may be secondary to a malignancy and needs referral for specialist ENT assessment.

Acute Laryngitis

This is a common feature of upper respiratory tract infections and can last up to 2 weeks. Treatment is with fluids, analgesia and anti-inflammatory drugs. Voice rest should be encouraged during the acute phase, especially avoidance of whispering, shouting and forcing the voice.

Chronic Laryngitis

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