“Biomarker”, a merged word of “biological marker”, refers to a broad subcategory of medical signs that objectively indicate the state of health and well-being of an individual. These can be anatomical, biochemical, molecular parameters or imaging features. They are measurable by laboratory assay, physical examination or medical imaging. In clinical practice, they are useful in the refinement of diagnosis, measuring disease progression or predicting and monitoring effects of therapeutic interventions. Their source can be tissue or body fluid such as plasma, urine, synovial fluid or tissue biopsy (Strimbu and Tavel 2010). Imaging biomarkers target the diseased organ or tissue and are hence specific indicators. The biochemical biomarkers, in contrast, tend to integrate information from the entire body. Biomarkers hold great promise for customization of treatment for the individual as information gained from diagnostic or progression markers would result in a highly efficient intervention in the disease process. With the introduction of imaging biomarkers, improved imaging technologies are being used for detection of molecules, biochemical processes in the retina. These will facilitate in early detection, assessment and monitoring of retinal pathologies. Hyperspectral imaging, a novel technology, collects information from across the electromagnetic spectrum for every pixel in an image. Spectral imaging techniques facilitate higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower light intensity at the retina in comparison with Fourier transform approach.