76 year-old male; 0.2 corrected vision in the left eye:
- 1.
Color image
Orange-red raised lesion with hard exudate is seen in the temporal to foveal.
- 2.
Fluorescein angiography
The orange lesion is observed as weak hyperfluorescence-like occult type of AMD.
- 3.
Indocyanine green angiography
Polypoidal structure and surrounding branch vascular network vessels can be observed.
- 4.
OCT horizontal scan at the fovea
Polypoidal structure can be observed as a steep, dome-shaped protrusion of RPE, and branch vascular network vessels connected to polypoidal structure are observed as double-layer sign. Moderate reflection, which presumably is fibrin, above the polypoidal lesion is observed at the subfovea. SRD is also observed in the area adjacent to RPE protrusion. The choroid is not thickened in this case. Subfoveal choroidal thickness is 203 μm.
- 5.
OCT horizontal scan at the center of polypoidal lesion
OCT image shows RPE protrusion at the center of the polypoidal lesion, and the inside of this protrusion is observed as the moderate reflection.
Case 2: PCV with Large PED
74 year-old male; 0.1 corrected vision in the left eye:
- 1.
Color image
Large circular serous PED is seen in central fovea. Orange lesion with hard exudate is observed in the nasal side of the large PED.
- 2.
Fluorescein angiography
Weak hyperfluorescence can be observed in the nasal side of PED.
- 3.
Indocyanine green angiography
PED is observed as hypofluorescence since it is blocked, and polypoidal structure can be observed in its nasal side (notch sign).
- 4.
OCT (horizontal section)
Large PED is observed at the subfovea to temporal macula. Polypoidal structure can be observed as a steep, dome-shaped protrusion of RPE in the nasal side of the fovea, and branch vascular network vessels connected to polypoidal structure and large PED are observed as double-layer sign. Inside of the polypoidal structure is seen as the moderate reflection.
Case 3: PCV Associated with Serous Retinal Detachment
75 year-old male; 0.6 corrected vision in the right eye:
- 1.
Color image
SRD is seen at the fovea.
- 2.
Fluorescein angiography
Weak hyperfluorescence is observed in the upper part of macula.
- 3.
Indocyanine green angiography
Polypoidal structure is found in the area within hyperfluorescence seen on fluorescein angiography.
- 4.
OCT (horizontal section)
SRD can be observed. There are some small, irregular protrusions of RPE. The choroid is relatively thickened in this case. Subfoveal choroidal thickness is 337 μm.
- 5.
OCT (vertical section)
Steep protrusions of RPE can be observed in the upper area of the fovea, consistent with the polypoidal structure seen on indocyanine green angiography. Branch vascular network vessels are observed as double-layer sign connected to RPE protrusion.
Case 4: PCV with Macular Hematoma
87 year-old male; 0.1 corrected vision in the right eye:
- 1.
Color image
Subretinal hematoma is seen at the macular area.
- 2.
Fluorescein angiography
Macular hemorrhage is observed as hypofluorescence since it is blocked.
- 3.
Indocyanine green angiography
Polypoidal structure can be observed in the nasal side of the fovea and temporal side of the disc.
- 4.
OCT horizontal scan using EDI technique
Polypoidal structure can be observed as steep, dome-shaped protrusions of RPE within the subretinal space. Inside of the subretinal space is observed as the moderate reflection, consistent with macular hematoma. Although it is unclear because of the hematoma, subfoveal choroidal thickness is 271 μm.
Case 5: Optic Disc Type of PCV
71 year-old male; 0.5 corrected vision in the right eye:
- 1.
Color image
There is no SRD in the fovea, and orange-red raised lesion is seen in the temporal to the optic disc.
- 2.
Fluorescein angiography
Weak hyperfluorescence can be observed from the temporal to the optic disc.
- 3.
Indocyanine green angiography
Polypoidal structure can be observed in the temporal to the optic disc, and branch vascular network vessels are surrounded on the temporal side of the optic disc.
- 4.
OCT (horizontal section)
OCT image shows almost normal at the fovea, and RPE irregularity is observed in the nasal side of the fovea.
- 5.
OCT (vertical section near the optic disc)
Polypoidal structure can be observed as steep, dome-shaped protrusions of RPE just in the temporal side of the disc.
Case 6: Choroidal Change After PDT
78 year-old male; 0.1 corrected vision in the left eye:
- 1.
OCT at baseline
SRD can be observed. There is an irregular RPE protrusion with hyperreflection considered as fibrin. Subfoveal choroidal thickness is 235 μm.
- 2.
OCT 2 days after PDT
Subfoveal choroidal thickness is thickened at 280 μm. At the same time, SRD gets tall, and retinal edema is also seen.
- 3.
OCT 3 months after PDT
Subfoveal choroidal thickness has reduced to 142 μm. SRD and retinal edema have been resolved. On the other hand, protrusions of RPE have been still observed although the size becomes smaller.
Case 7: Choroidal Thinning After Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF
81 year-old male; 0.3 corrected vision in the right eye:
