Pneumocystis jiroveci (previously Pneumocystis carinii) is an opportunistic infection typically limited to the lungs. The organism is a fungus of low virulence that is likely spread through the air. A healthy immune system is able to control and prevent significant disease. Patients who are immunosuppressed (secondary to Human Immunodeficiency Virus, malignancy, chemotherapy, and iatrogenic secondary to steroids and other immunosuppressive agents) can develop a severe and potentially lethal pneumonia (the mortality rate is between 5–40 % even with treatment). Extrapulmonary manifestations of Pneumocystis are rare but can involve the liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and eyes. The ocular manifestations may be discovered incidentally and typically manifest as subretinal/choroidal yellow to white plaque like lesions.