Fig. 2.1
OCT of the retina in emmetropic patient. Scan 1 Macular area. The average foveal and parafoveal retinal thickness is 222 μm and 355 μm, respectively. Scan 2 Equatorial area. The average retinal thickness is 171 μm. Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 155 μm. Scan 4 Far peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 132 μm
Scan 2 Equatorial area
The retinal surface is smooth. Hyperreflective layers of the pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and neuroepithelium are observed. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. The posterior hyaloid membrane is adherent. Large choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 171 μm.
Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are poorly distinguished. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. The posterior hyaloid membrane is intact. Medium-sized choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 155 μm.
Scan 4 Far peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are poorly distinguished. Retinal vessels and small choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 132 μm.
Conclusion
The retinal layers are more clearly distinguished in the central retina and equatorial area. The retinal thickness gradually decreases from the center to the periphery. The equatorial area is 2 times thinner, the mid-peripheral area is 2.3 times thinner, and the far-peripheral area is 2.7 times thinner than the parafoveal area.
Moderate Hyperopia
A 37-year-old male complaining of deterioration of distance and near vision.
OD: VA, sc 20/200, cc 20/20 with +4.5 sph; AL, 21.9 mm.
OCT Scan Description (Fig. 2.2)
Scan 1 Macular area
The foveal pit retains a normal profile. All retinal layers are clearly distinguished. The pigment epithelium is smooth. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows parafoveally and perifoveally. The average foveal and parafoveal retinal thickness is 245 μm and 375 μm, respectively.
Fig. 2.2
OCT of the retina in hyperopic patient. Scan 1 Macular area. The average foveal and parafoveal retinal thickness is 245 μm and 375 μm, respectively. Scan 2 Equatorial area. The average retinal thickness is 193 μm. Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 174 μm. Scan 4 Far peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 151 μm
Scan 2 Equatorial area
The retinal surface is smooth. Hyperreflective layers of the pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and neuroepithelium are observed. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. Large and medium-sized choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 193 μm.
Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are distinguishable. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. Medium-sized choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 174 μm.
Scan 4 Far peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are distinguishable. Retinal vessels and small choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 151 μm.
Conclusion
Retinal OCT in moderate hyperopia demonstrates decreasing retinal thickness from the center to the periphery. The equatorial area is 1.9 times thinner, the mid-peripheral area is 2.2 times thinner, and the far peripheral area is 2.5 times thinner than the central retina. Retinal thickness in patients with moderate hyperopia is 9 % higher in the foveal area, 5.4 % higher in the parafoveal area, 11.4 % higher in the equatorial area, 10.9 % higher in the mid-peripheral area, and 12.6 % higher in the far peripheral area than that in patients with emmetropia.
Moderate Myopia
An asymptomatic 36-year-old female complaining of low distance vision.
OD: VA, sc 20/200, cc 20/20 with −5.5 sph; AL, 25.8 mm.
OCT Scan Description (Fig. 2.3)
Scan 1 Macular area
The foveal pit retains a normal profile. All retinal layers are clearly distinguished. Pigment epithelium is smooth. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows parafoveally and perifoveally. The average foveal and parafoveal retinal thickness is 208 μm and 302 μm, respectively.
Fig. 2.3
OCT of the retina in myopic patient. Scan 1 Macular area. The average foveal and parafoveal retinal thickness in is 208 μm and 302 μm, respectively. Scan 2 Equatorial area. The average retinal thickness is 161 μm. Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 145 μm. Scan 4 Far peripheral area. The average retinal thickness is 126 μm
Scan 2 Equatorial area
The retinal surface is smooth. Hyperreflective layers of the pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and neuroepithelium are observed. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. The posterior hyaloid membrane is intact. Large choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 161 μm.
Scan 3 Mid-peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are distinguishable. Retinal vessels are observed as shadows. The posterior hyaloid membrane is intact. Medium-sized choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 145 μm.
Scan 4 Far peripheral area
The retinal surface is smooth. The inner and outer layers of the neuroepithelium are not distinguishable. Retinal vessels and small choroidal vessels are identified. The average retinal thickness is 126 μm.
Conclusion
Retinal OCT in moderate myopia demonstrates decreasing retinal thickness from the parafoveal area to the periphery. The equatorial area is 1.9 times thinner, the mid-peripheral area is 2.1 times thinner, and the far peripheral area is 2.4 times thinner than the central retina. The average retinal thickness in patients with moderate myopia is 6.3 % lower in the fovea, 14.9 % lower in the parafovea, 5.9 % lower in the equatorial area, 6.5 % lower in the mid-peripheral area, and 4.5 % lower in the far peripheral retina than that in patients with emmetropia.
OCT of Vitreoretinal Interface in Peripheral Retinal Degenerations
Pathologic changes of the vitreoretinal interface play an important role in the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients with peripheral retinal degenerations [10, 21].
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