Electric stimulation and Pacing were distinguished by the author, while it is unclear if respondents had that intention. No clear definitions of the terms Electric stimulation and Pacing were provided. It might therefore be possible that these two terms were used in an interchangeable fashion. The term Electric stimulation is used where the author had the impression that a respondent meant amplification of an electric impulse. Little is expected from Electric stimulation.

Pacing is defined as selective reinnervation and neurostimulation. It is thus used where spontaneous electric activity is delivered by an implanted device. Literature shows where there is recent experimental interest: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) to restore respiratory function of the larynx may become an option for the treatment of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) in the near future [1]. Laryngeal pacing seems to be on the right path to open up a dynamic rehabilitation of the bilaterally motion-impaired larynx [2, 3, 4]. Pacing is expected to be of great influence in the future—it might change our therapeutic spectrum. Laryngologists should advance further, with development of biologic integration and autonomous functioning.

No clear solutions were provided on advancement with surgical techniques. Ultimately, use of robotic surgery in neurolaryngology is thought to contribute little. No creative or alternative thoughts concerning application of robotic surgery emerged from the panel.

The thought of the future of laryngeal transplantation is indecisive, and again widely divergent. Clinical results up to 2015 have quantitatively been disappointing, with less than five patients reported. In 1998, the first successful total laryngeal transplant was performed. After approximately a decade, a slowly progressive, chronic rejection process gradually rendered the organ nonfunctional, and the patient and his providers deemed the larynx appropriate for explantation [5].