Flow Charts and Checklists

Table 3.1 Checklist for initial management
Objective	Measure
Establish and maintain airways (intubation, cricothyrotomy, tracheotomy)	Clearing the upper airways of discharge or prolapsed tongue (combination fractures of mandible and maxilla), dentures
Stabilize circulation	Establishing intravenous access, monitoring, fluid resuscitation
Exclude intracerebral pressure, intracranial hematoma, brain swelling	Neurologic status, CT, possibly intracranial pressure (ICP) catheter, decompression, hematoma evacuation
Exclude internal bleeding	Thoracic trauma: CT, drainage if necessary
	Abdominal trauma: ultrasonography, CT, or peritoneal lavage, laparotomy if necessary
	Pericardial packing: ECG, echo-cardiogram, pericardiocentesis
Exclude paraplegia and compartment syndrome	Neurologic status, CT, decompression and stabilization of the spine if necessary
Exclude paraplegia and compartment syndrome	Clinical signs, sensation, motor response, fasciotomy if necessary, fracture reduction, osteosynthesis
Soft tissue injuries	Wound management

Table 3.2 Checklist for initial evaluation
Patient history	Loss of consciousness, vomiting
Patient history	Impaired nasal breathing, loss of olfactory/taste sensation, impaired vision, sensory disturbance
Inspection and palpation	Hemorrhage, open wounds, foreign bodies
	Cerebrospinal fluid or brain matter leak
	Swelling, hematoma, air crepitus
	Osseous step-offs, osseous gaps, abnormal mobility
Functional testing	Visual function
	Taste sensation/olfactory function
	Sensory assessment
Diagnostic imaging	CT, a.-p. cranial views, lateral cranial views
Immediate care	Extruding brain matter, intracerebral hemorrhage, intracerebral pressure, vision loss
Interval treatment	Cerebrospinal fluid leak, pneumocephalus
– Orbit and globe	Pupil width and reaction, gross evaluation of vision, globe position, motility, diplopia
Diagnostic imaging	Radiologic evaluation of the paranasal sinuses, compare zygomatic arches, OPG, Clementschitsch, CT
Immediate care	Replantation of teeth
Immediate care	Management of open fractures
Interval treatment	Craniofacial reduction and reconstruction